What is a primary characteristic of stationary surveillance?

Stationary surveillance is defined by the act of observing a person, location, or object from a specific, fixed position. This method allows the observer to gather detailed and consistent information over time without the interference of movement, which might disrupt the observation process or alert the subject being watched. By remaining stationary, the surveillance can effectively capture the nuances of behavior and interactions without drawing attention to itself.

The other options, while they describe various aspects of surveillance and observation, do not accurately define stationary surveillance. Active engagement with the subject indicates involvement rather than observation from a fixed position; continuous movement implies the observation is dynamic rather than static; and documenting the behavior of bystanders pertains to a different focus than that of observing a specific target.